Cotton Production "Light Simplified Technology Popularization" Is An Inevitable Choice.

< p > with the continuous expansion of the scale of land circulation, < a href= "//www.sjfzxm.com/news/index_s.asp" > cotton < /a > the increasing cost of production labor, cotton light simplified cultivation technology is an inevitable choice.

In March 28th, at the provincial cotton production conference, Dong Hezhong, director of the cotton research center of Shandong Province, said that the so-called light reduction technology is to ensure that cotton production is simple, simple and efficient through machinery instead of labor, simplification of planting management, reduction of operation times and reduction of labor intensity under the premise that production is basically not reduced.

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< p > Dong Hezhong said that light and simplified high-yielding cultivation techniques mainly include the following aspects.

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< p > Machinery instead of manual operation.

It includes mechanical farmland, film mulching, plant protection, middle tillage, top dressing, wood extraction, straw returning, harvesting and so on.

The core is planting, cultivation, top dressing, plant protection and harvesting.

Mechanized cultivation, weeding, fertilizing and spraying are applied to field management, which can greatly improve work efficiency.

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< p > mechanized straw returning.

In the middle and November of last year, after the cotton harvest was finished, the cotton stalk was smashed and spread to the ground by means of cutting, cutting, bumping, rubbing and tearing.

It can avoid the waste of cotton stalk, fertilize the soil and sustainable development.

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< p > soil deep plowing.

After crop harvest, autumn and winter ploughing and sunning, the ploughing depth increased from 15cm to 30cm, and generally ploughed once every 3 years or so.

After autumn and winter ploughing, freezing and thawing alternation in winter can loosen soil, coordinate root and shoot relationships, and cultivate healthy and strong cotton fields.

For saline alkali land, subsoiling machine can also be used to carry out deep loosening in autumn, with a depth of 30-40cm.

Because it does not disturb the surface tillage layer, it reduces the evaporation loss of soil moisture and reduces the salt return.

At the same time, it increased the infiltration rate of rainfall, accelerated the infiltration rate of rainfall, and increased the utilization rate of rainfall.

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< p > timely irrigation for soil moisture.

In the non saline land, irrigation was made 15-20 days before planting, and the amount of irrigation was 60-100 cubic meters per mu. Narrow border irrigation was used.

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< p > herbicide instead of artificial weeding.

The weed damage in cotton fields is very serious and must be strictly controlled.

It is best to spray the surface two times before spraying the soil before planting and covering the soil after planting. After the cotton field is leveled, it uses 48% fluorobul Ling emulsion 100-120ml, evenly spraying the water 40-45kg on the surface, and then through the weeding or raking and mixing the soil, it can effectively control perennial and annual weeds. After seeding, after planting, 50% acetochlor EC 70-120mL is used for water per mu, the water is 30-50kg, or the 60% butachlor EC is 125-150mL to water 40-50kg, evenly sprayed in the sowing bed, and then cover the film.

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< p > precision seeding, reducing seedlings and setting seedlings.

The traditional cotton planting method in the cotton growing area of the Yellow River river basin is to use large sowing quantity, after seeding, thinning seedlings, thinning seedlings and setting seedlings, with a large amount of planting and more labour. Cotton has wide adaptability to density, and the yield of 2000-5000 plants per mu is not significant difference, and has a certain adaptability to the evenness of plant spacing.

Normal seeding: 1.5kg seeds per mu, machine sowing, after emergence, according to the conventional management mode, seedlings, seedlings and seedlings are fixed, and the density is about 3500 plants per mu.

Precision machine sowing, reducing seedlings and setting seedlings: 0.75kg seeds per mu, precision seeder precision seeding, seedling emergence, no seedlings, no seedlings.

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< p > reduce cultivation and simplify fertilization.

According to < a href= "//www.sjfzxm.com/news/index_s.asp" > labor < /a > mechanical condition, the average number of times in the cotton field can be reduced from about 6-8 times to 2 times, and it will be carried out before and after the seedling setting and in the bud stage, respectively.

6 medium and late tillage before and after mid autumn is the most important and can not be reduced.

According to soil moisture and rainfall conditions, combine cultivation, weeding, fertilizing, breaking film and soil to be completed at one time.

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< p > reasonable close planting and simplified pruning.

There are leafy branches on the main stem of cotton, which can be removed and preserved. If the measures are reasonable, the cotton will not cut down, which means that cotton itself has a very strong self regulating ability.

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< p > ridge planting.

Ridge planting, combined with drip irrigation, high density and simplified cultivation management, is an important way to increase production and increase efficiency.

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< p > Dong Hezhong said that at present, Zhanhua county has built up the cleaning and processing line of machine picked cotton and basically solved the problem of subsequent processing of machine picked cotton.

By comparing the cost of local cotton picking and the cost of cotton picking manually, the machine picked cotton can save at least 200 yuan per mu compared with the artificial cotton picking.

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< p > "but from the current experimental results, there are still some problems."

Dong Hezhong said, mainly manifested in the following aspects: first, the output is reduced: spraying defoliant generally yield more than 10%, about 8% of cotton leakage, two total reduction of more than 18%; two is the decline of cotton grades, there is no effective solution to the problem, farmers are not suitable for high-density cultivation, and the risks are great. Three, machinery, variety and planting management techniques are not yet matched.

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< p > in addition, according to the actual situation of < a href= "//www.sjfzxm.com/news/index_p.asp > > Shandong < /a > cotton area, Dong Hezhong said that light cotton cultivation in our province should be divided into two steps.

The first step is to implement light weight cultivation in a single cropping cotton field, and then realize light and Simplified Cultivation in two and multi cropping cotton fields.

The second step is to realize the initial light and simplified cultivation, and then implement a comprehensive and light simplified cultivation.

Preliminary light simplification means that except for mechanized harvesting, all other processes are light simplified cultivation, including light simplified broadcasting and light simplified management.

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