"Five Risks And One Gold" &Nbsp; The More We Hand In, The More We Lose.

Although some employees pay "five risks and one gold" every month, they know little about it.

According to the February 17th evening news, there are many netizens on the Internet recently.

Case: earn low wages and earn 1000 yuan

Li Lin, who just got the list of last year's income, was a bit puzzled.

Her pre tax income is 8000 yuan. After deducting social security, provident fund and tax, she gets 6000 yuan a month.

But the company told her that the company actually paid more than 10000 yuan a month for her.

Assuming that the company is willing to pay the fee for her is fixed, but with the difference in the base of payment, the actual income is actually more than 1000 yuan.

She counted out the reporters.

The upper limit of Shanghai's 2011 payment base is 11688 yuan, with a lower limit of 2338 yuan.

Personal monthly payment of pension insurance, medical insurance, unemployment insurance and housing provident fund are 8%, 2%, 1%, 7%, respectively, totaling 18%.

The proportion of the four units for individuals is 22%, 12%, 1.7%, 7%, and personal injury and childbirth insurance which are not borne by individuals, respectively, 0.5% and 0.8%, 44%.

The housing provident fund will all be owned by individuals in the future. Pension and medical insurance will only be entered into personal accounts by themselves. All units should be co ordinated, and industrial injury and maternity insurance will also be integrated.

If the actual pre tax income of 8000 yuan to pay social security: the company pays 8000 yuan in the wages of Li Lin, but also to pay 8000 yuan for her 44% times the risk, that is 3520 yuan, equivalent to the actual monthly payment of 11520 yuan.

What did Li Lin actually get? After deducting 8000 yuan by 18% insurance, the salary was 6560 yuan.

The 6560 yuan will be deducted from the 201 yuan tax and the cash will be 6359 yuan.

Plus personal pension, medical care, provident fund accounts, the actual monthly income of 6359+640+160+1120=8279 yuan.

Li Lin hypothesized another case, which would be paid at the bottom of the cardinal limit: if the company was willing to spend 11520 yuan per month on her, the company would lower the basic salary, and the lower limit of the social security base stipulated in Shanghai should be 2338 yuan. The rest of the money would be paid in bonus and subsidy form.

In this way, the company has to pay 1029 yuan for personal insurance, 421 yuan for personal payment, and 1917 yuan for the basic salary after deducting.

Next, the company gave her a subsidy of 11520-2338-1029=8153 yuan, plus a total of 10070 yuan of income after deducting the insurance premium. After deducting a tax of 759 yuan, she could get 9311 yuan, plus personal pension, medical care and provident fund account. The actual monthly income of 9311+187+47+327= was 9872 yuan, 1593 yuan more than the actual situation.

Dispel doubts: pay social security benefits at an early age.

It is not difficult to see in the calculation that 22% of the endowment insurance that enterprises need to pay is undoubtedly the "big head" of all burdens.

Dr. Xiao Yanhua, an economist at the Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences, told the evening news reporter that the mandatory ratio of 22% was really too high.

In contrast, the proportion of the United States is 7.6%, and Western countries generally do not exceed 10%.

As the basic old-age insurance in urban areas in China is "territorial management", the proportion of payment varies from place to place, for example, Hangzhou is 12% and Shenzhen is 10%.

Therefore, compared with other cities in the whole country, the proportion of Shanghai's payment is also very high, which is a great pressure for enterprises and even a phenomenon of escape.

A state-owned enterprise, Miss Chen, told reporters of the evening news reporter that before the implementation of the social insurance law last year, there was an old-age insurance model called "small town endowment insurance" in Shanghai, which mainly targeted at enterprises registered in the suburbs, and the rate of payment was relatively low.

In July 1, 2011, when the social security law abolished this mode, there were still some private agreements between employees and employees in order to evade social security payments in other forms.

"There are indeed some enterprises and employees agreed to adopt a low wage way to evade social security, if handled properly, and will not have a big impact."

A service website director of human resources, Ms. Qu also told reporters that, usually, enterprises still advocate paying according to the state regulations.

Ms. Zhang, director of human resources of an advertising company, said that their company did not advocate such a way of circumvention. After all, enterprises will have risks. Once problems arise, they will outweigh the gains.

"Some people feel that they owe a lot to their friends. This is actually a different angle of view. Social security is not a means of financial management. From the perspective of individuals and contacts, the older I get, the more I realize that this is a kind of welfare."

She told reporters that most people feel that the loss is mainly due to the amount of the highest unit to pay pensions part of the overall arrangement, to assume the current pension problem for the elderly, not in personal accounts, but in the long run, people will be old, and then enjoy the pensions paid by the younger generation, and the base will also "keep pace with the times".

15 years to pay

Case: I want to talk about retirement in the last 15 years.

Mr. Zhang, who works in a foreign-funded IT company, has a lot of complaints about the monthly social security payments. He pays 2000 yuan or more for his monthly income of 12000 yuan.

As the monthly income exceeds the upper limit of the social security payment base, Mr. Zhang calculates the amount of payment by 11688 yuan, and the salary is 8% yuan or 935 yuan for the payment of old-age insurance. 2% is 234 Yuan medical insurance, 1% is 117 yuan unemployment insurance, and 7% is the housing provident fund, which means 818 yuan, that is to say, without deduction of tax, he has an income of more than 2100 yuan.

For him, only the housing provident fund is most useful in the short term, and the amount of medical insurance and unemployment insurance is not high.

"I only worked for a few years, saving money to buy a house and invest in financial management. It is time to spend money, and the pension is far from the present. Now that I can enjoy the pension treatment after 15 years, I will have enough time to start planning the pension 15 years before I retire.

I once exchanged personal thoughts with HR of the company to see if there was any way to discontinue it, but I was told that it was mandatory payment and that my pension could not be my own decision.

Mr. Zhang reluctantly told reporters.

Dispel doubts: the social security law explicitly makes mandatory payment.

In fact, Shanghai has been forced to pay social security since 1993.

In the "social insurance law" formally implemented in July 1, 2011, the compulsory payment of social insurance, such as pensions, has also been clearly defined. It is stipulated that the employing units and their employees should take part in the basic old-age insurance for employees and basic medical insurance for employees. The agreed price of consultations between individuals and units shall be regarded as invalid.

"In other words, as long as you have a work unit and you have to hand in, you can't negotiate or not."

Ms. Qu told reporters.

Moreover, the social security is "bundled", not one or more.

It is learnt that the "social insurance law" has also improved the collection system and enhanced the mandatory collection.

If employers do not pay social insurance to employees in accordance with the law, the relevant institutions can directly allocate social insurance premiums from the deposit accounts of employers.

For the 15 year old pension insurance policy, Ms. Qu said, this is mainly for setting up a threshold. Not all those who have paid the pension insurance can share the local co ordinating fund.

That is to say, we should pay more than 15 years of old-age insurance and reach the statutory retirement age.

If retirement age is less than 15 years old, then only 8% of the pension on personal account can be refunded until retirement.

Frequent drifting affects welfare

Case: Shanghai floating home, welfare shrink

At the end of last year, Xiao Wu, who had done three years of software testing in Shanghai, went back to his hometown, and his social security relationship returned to his home.

"The part that I can take away is very limited. The initial work is the" comprehensive risk "which was paid very little. Later, it made a three time insurance. But it is said that the old age insurance can only take away part of my personal delivery. Most of the units are included in the co-ordination fund. After I leave, I can only contribute to the people of Shanghai.

Last year, Xiao Zhou, who had just arrived in Beijing from Shanghai, was even more confused.

He originally worked in the advertising work of a state-level news agency's magazine office in Beijing. The housing purchase restriction and car Yaohao policy, which had been implemented in succession, made him feel under pressure when there was no Beijing account. So last year, he decided to escape from "imperial capital" and came to work in Shanghai closer to his hometown in Beijing.

"The welfare of my social security unit in Beijing is said to be excellent, and the proportion of unit payment is very high. But what will happen to the p provincial pfer of accounts?" in Shanghai, he also has no local household registration. He also told reporters that it is very likely that he would choose to return to his hometown after a few years of young struggle. What would be the impact of his retirement in the future?

Dispel doubts: social security relations can be pferred across provinces.

Dr. Xiao Yanhua told reporters that after the change of the working place, the personal accounts could be taken away in accordance with the pfer method of the old age insurance. However, most of those who were included in the overall plan were not allowed to take the pension. When they retired to return to their domicile places to enjoy their old age, they would pay the pension according to the local cardinal number and calculation method.

The reporter learned from the 12333 hotline consultation that the unit payment part of the unit is not entirely impossible to pfer. According to the relevant measures, after the pfer of social security relations across provinces, 12% of the CO ordinating part can be pferred to the receiving place and retired according to the local pension policy.

Workers who are not registered in Shanghai can also choose to retire in this city and enjoy the pension benefits in Shanghai. However, they need to meet a series of conditions such as 10 years' social security payment in Shanghai. Otherwise, the social security relationship will be returned to the domicile when they reach retirement age.

Ms. Qu pointed out that since the whole country did not establish a merged account, many enterprises, regardless of their household registration, required full payment of social security in accordance with their local standards.

For many people who work in the north of Guangzhou and other cities with high cardinal numbers and pay social security, and later return to their hometown, some losses are unavoidable.

Therefore, she suggested that workers who are not registered in Shanghai can return to their hometown to pay social security, and then take relevant vouchers to reimburse their units, and try not to "lose money".

Moreover, she also suggested that some people who work frequently change, even if there is no unit, they have to pay their own social security. They should not exceed half a year as long as they do not pay, or they will affect the treatment of retirement.

Ms. Zhang, who has worked for many years in the field of human resources, pointed out that in fact, there are few units that agree to pay back the social security of workers back to their domicile, because the policies and regulations are different, and the formalities will be cumbersome.

Should pensions enter the stock market?

Dispel doubts: whether or not to enter the market is still uncertain.

Since the end of last year, the SFC and other departments have repeatedly said that a consensus has been reached to promote the entry of basic pension into the market and diversify investment.

The people's Daily published a commentary recently that the pension market is an inevitable trend in the long run, but the timing for entering the market remains to be considered.

Not long ago, Guo Shuqing, chairman of the securities and Futures Commission, also wrote that he would push the pension market.

Guo Shuqing, chairman of the securities and Futures Commission, once said that the balance of the pension insurance fund in the whole country is scattered in all provinces. If these funds are organized, setting up a specialized investment institution or entrusting an institution to invest in the capital market will be of great benefit to all residents.

However, the three major problems of the current provincial overall pension insurance fund are: who will manage, how much money can be entered into the market, whether the market can ensure the value of the pension, and so on.

Who will manage nearly 2 trillion of the funds scattered in the provinces? This issue has become the primary issue of promoting the pension market.

In addition to who will manage, how much pension can enter the stock market, that is, the proportion of market share, has also become the focus of market attention.

The Ministry of human resources believes that the diversification of pension investment must first ensure the safety of the fund. Under this premise, we consider whether we can achieve better returns to the fund.

Looking at China's stock market in 2011, the Shanghai composite index plunged 21.68%, Shenzhen index fell 28.41%, and Shanghai and Shenzhen A and B-share market value shrank by 5 trillion and 400 billion.

How can we ensure that millions of people will not lose money in the future if the market is in such a downturn? Can the current capital market take on the responsibility of preserving and increasing the value of the pension?

Dr. Xiao Yanhua told reporters that pension entry into the stock market is a tough choice.

According to China's current regulations, pension funds can only deposit banks or buy treasury bonds, but under the background of negative interest rates, such conservative measures have obviously not worked. The investment channels are not expanding. They are losses, grim situations, and the aging of population.

But on the other hand, there are great risks in investing in the stock market. Such a large amount of investment also bears the responsibility of a social foundation. If losses are made, how can the pension gap be filled?

He pointed out that the stock market is only one of the investment options, but it will certainly restrict the proportion. At the same time, it can consider other more secure investment channels, such as the real economy with stable returns.

Xiao Yanhua also said that in many developed countries, pension entry into the stock market is not new, but it is mainly personal account pension, and the basic pension for pay as you go is not included.

In addition to adhering to "prudent investment", we will fully solicit personal wishes.

When the state organizes individual pensions, it will entrust professional investment institutions to make unified investment and financial management, and will communicate with all owners of individual accounts. Individuals can choose stocks with high risk according to their own wishes, or invest in bonds with low risk, and also choose the most risk-free bank deposits.

How to use five risks and one gold?

Events: how to use five risks and one gold? Most people do not know.

Xiao Yang, who is going to graduate in July this year, has just shared a book entitled "five risks, one gold, and finally understood".

Every year, during the season of finding jobs, similar posts like "declassified five risks and one gold" will be posted on the Internet.

However, I do not understand that five risks and one gold are not only those students who are still in the ivory tower, but Miss Wang, who has worked for two years, told reporters that they only saw how much money they paid on social security and provident fund from their payroll each month. But there is no special demand, what is the specific use and how to use it, or even the five risks one gold.

Reporters randomly asked colleagues and friends around, and found that most people do not know or understand limited.

Dispel doubts

Housing provident fund: in addition to buying a house, it can pay property fees in the future.

For many people, the housing provident fund is the fastest way to benefit themselves, and every month, the housing provident fund paid by units and individuals is owned by individuals and will be used in the future when buying a house.

Shanghai has also introduced the policy of extracting the rent from the fund, but there are few problems due to the loss of the loan amount and the difficulty of providing the rent invoice.

A report from the Shanghai provident fund center also mentioned in a report that this year will expand the extraction and use policy of the provident fund and allow the extraction of the fund to pay property fees, but there is no concrete means to implement it at present.

After the housing loan is stopped, the housing provident fund can basically buy a house, otherwise it will have to be removed once it is retired.

Financial experts recommend buyers, first of all, use the provident fund loans as much as possible, use less or do not use commercial loans; secondly, take part of the provident fund to repay part of the loan, reduce the loan principal base; finally, apply for provident fund monthly pfer, reduce the amount of monthly cash repayment.

Endowment insurance: a one-time supplement that has not been paid for 15 years.

The pension after retirement is made up of two parts, one is the proportion of the average social wage at that time, and the other is personal account fund formed by personal pension insurance before two.

The part of the pension insurance paid by the company will be directly incorporated into the co-ordination fund and has nothing to do with the personal account. The endowment insurance under this mode can reduce the gap between the rich and the poor.

It is worth noting that after the implementation of the social insurance law, the conditions for receiving the basic old-age insurance benefits have been relaxed.

Individuals who used to ask for basic old-age insurance must pay a full fee of 15 years when they reach the statutory retirement age before they can receive basic pensions every month.

Otherwise, it can only collect funds accumulated in its personal account at one time.

Now, the social insurance law stipulates that those who pay less than 15 years can pay a one-time fee to 15 years and receive basic pensions every month.

Medical insurance: cosmetic surgery, weight loss, medical insurance, not paying the bill.

Medical insurance, the company's deposit of 12% will be directly incorporated into the co-ordination fund, and personal accounts have nothing to do with.

Moreover, not all medical behaviors can be insured, such as cosmetic surgery, weight loss, increased, myopia correction, and overseas medical expenses.

Besides, the medical expenses borne by third people should not be included in the payment scope of the basic medical insurance fund, for example, a traffic accident or a gangster's injury.

But if third people do not pay or cannot confirm third people, the basic medical insurance fund will be paid first and then be recovered to third people.

There are many restrictions on the use of medical insurance in different places.

In the case of sudden illness in the country's non residential areas, the first aid is required to be hospitalized first. But within 3 working days, the date of hospitalization and the name of the hospital will be reported to the medical insurance agency of the insured place for medical record. If the patient needs to continue treatment after a stable condition, he should be pferred to a designated medical institution in time for medical treatment.

Unemployment insurance: jobless claims streets will also recommend employment.

Every office worker is paying unemployment insurance, but this insurance is not related to most white-collar workers. It is called "donation insurance" by some people.

To receive unemployment insurance, we must first satisfy the following two conditions: the unit and I have fulfilled the unemployment insurance contribution obligation in accordance with the regulations for 1 years, and I am not resigning voluntarily.

In addition, the procedures to be taken are: within 60 days from the date of departure, the vocational guidance training card, household register, identity card, employment contract or working relationship certificate and photo should be held to register the unemployment registration of the labor and Social Security Department of the household registration office, and apply for unemployment insurance payment.

According to the introduction, as long as we receive unemployment insurance, we will leave a record on the personal labor manual, and the streets will also recommend jobs and must go to the interview.

Most of these jobs are different from those of ordinary white-collar workers. Most people do not want to ask for trouble and leave an embarrassing record for hundreds of dollars of unemployment every month. Even if they meet the requirements, they will give up voluntarily.

Moreover, only local residents can enjoy this benefit.

Industrial injury insurance: a 48 hour deadline is criticized.

If there is an accident in the contract period, it is necessary to obtain an explanation from the enterprise and to affix an official seal. It is best to apply for injury identification within three working days and provide the following materials.

However, there is a concern in work-related injury insurance, that is, if a worker dies at work and dies within 48 hours, he will be identified as a work-related injury. If he dies after more than 48 hours after his onset, he will not be identified as an industrial injury.

In addition, whether some common occupational diseases can be included in work-related injuries has been identified as work-related injuries, which has been a topic of discussion in recent years.

Maternity insurance: allowance standard per unit wage

Maternity insurance is a rare policy of "women's exclusive", which is all paid by the unit and incorporated into the overall planning.

Reimbursement can be reimbursed for maternity related expenses, including childbearing allowance, childbirth medical expenses, family planning operation, medical expenses, and other childbearing expenses stipulated by the state and the municipality.

According to the social insurance law, the monthly childbearing allowance standard for working women will be adjusted from the original payment base of the urban old-age insurance premiums to the month of my own production or the month of abortion, to the average monthly wage of the employing unit in the month of my production or abortion.

Generally speaking, the childbearing women are relatively young, and the time for entering the unit will not be too long. The average wage of the employing unit will benefit most of the childbearing women.