The Pattern Of Large Circulation Of Cotton In Tianjin Has Formed A Diversified Mode Of Cotton Trading.

The cotton industry in Tianjin has a long history and is a traditional one in China. Spin Industrial base, Tianjin port has been one of the main ports for import and export of cotton and textiles throughout the country. The state will speed up the development and opening up of the Binhai New Area and develop into an international one in northern China for Tianjin. cotton Logistics center provides development opportunities.

First, the current situation of cotton logistics development in our city

(1) the shrinkage of the real estate cotton growing area, and the 400 type enterprises become the main body of the purchasing market.

Tianjin city is the country's cotton main selling area in history, and cotton resources are mainly transferred and imported by foreign provinces and municipalities. With the liberalization of China's cotton market and the rapid increase of domestic cotton demand, the rapid development of cotton production in our city has been promoted. 2003-2008 cotton planting area is over 1 million mu, and the annual output is 9-11 million tons. Among them, high quality cotton is over 800 thousand mu, and gradually concentrates on four traditional cotton producing counties in Ninghe, Jinghai, Baodi and Wuqing, forming a relatively stable superior quality cotton area. In recent years, cotton prices have risen sharply, and the state has implemented the temporary cotton storage and storage policy. The cotton planting area in our city has fallen to about 850 thousand mu, and the annual output is hovering at 70 thousand tons.

At the end of 2012, our city was incorporated into the national planning to complete the renovation of 400 cotton processing enterprises 34, reaching 94.4% of the plan. 56 of the 200 cotton enterprises that have been delisted, 100 of the 200 cotton enterprises that still retain cotton processing qualifications. The 400 type cotton enterprises managed by cotton bags and strip coding have become the main body of the cotton purchase and processing market in our city.

(two) the pattern of large circulation of cotton has been formed, and the mode of cotton trading is diversified.

After the cotton market was liberalized, the number of cotton planting and processing enterprises in Ninghe and other districts of our city was relatively concentrated, and the market competition was fierce. The long-term acquisition market has attracted and influenced the inflow and outflow of seed cotton in the surrounding areas of Hebei and Shandong. Apart from a small part of the sale of real estate cotton to the cotton spinning enterprises in this city, more than 70% of them are sold to cotton spinning enterprises in neighboring provinces such as Hebei, Shandong, Liaoning and Henan. The textile industry in Tianjin has been transformed to intensive and export oriented industries through the integration and transformation in recent years, and the spinning capacity has dropped to 790 thousand. In 2012, the sale of real estate cotton was mainly to the state. By the end of this year's Spring Festival, 56 thousand tons of warehouses had been sold in Tianjin, accounting for 0.9% of total imports and exports. A small number of transactions for the provinces surrounding the cotton enterprises for filming. Similarly, a number of cotton enterprises in our city have gone to Hebei Reserve Bank, and the pattern of big circulation of cotton in our city has already formed. According to the survey, the average annual inflow and outflow of cotton in our city is nearly 200 thousand tons.

Our real estate cotton trading mode is still mainly based on spot trading, supplemented by market transactions, electronic matching transactions, futures trading and other diversified transactions.

(three) the advantages of port supporting environment are obvious, and cotton imports have reached a new high.

Tianjin port has trade dealings with more than 500 ports, opened up more than 100 container routes, completed container throughput of 11 million 590 thousand standard boxes in 2011, and cargo throughput of 4.53 billion tons, becoming the world's largest port in the north of China and the fifth largest in the world. The construction of regional customs clearance cooperation has built 22 inland waterless ports such as Beijing Chaoyang, Pinggu, Hebei Shijiazhuang, Shandong Dezhou, Shanxi Houma and so on. The mainland bridge has obvious advantages in transportation. It has opened container lines from Tianjin port to Manchuria, Alashankou and Erenhot. Tianjin has become the only place in mainland China with 3 passageways.

In 2012, the total foreign trade import and export volume of Tianjin amounted to US $115 billion 620 million, an increase of 11.8% over the previous year. Because of the radiation effect of Tianjin port on the whole North China, Northwest China and the three eastern provinces, the import of bulk commodities was strong. In 2012, the import of agricultural products was 5 billion 570 million US dollars, an increase of 19.3%. Due to the relatively large gap between domestic and foreign cotton prices in 2012, the number of imported cotton purchased by textile enterprises increased significantly, and the number of cotton imports at Tianjin port reached 630 thousand and 900 tons, a record high.

(four) cotton warehousing facilities are fully developed and transported by multiple modes of transport.

There are 3 warehouses in the state reserve cotton warehouse in Tianjin, with a capacity of 250 thousand tons, and a special railway line, which is now in storage and storage of 208 thousand and 400 tons. The first is the Tianjin directly under the central storage cotton management company, covering an area of 433 Mu and a capacity of 120 thousand tons. There are 24 cotton storehouses, 46371 square meters, 5200 square meters of railway platforms, and 5300 square meters of steel sheds. In 2012, the inventory turnover was 200 thousand tons; the two is the Tianjin Yanghong Liuzhou Qinghai national storage cotton storehouse, covering an area of 234 Mu and a storage capacity of 100 thousand tons. Among them, 49 cotton warehouses, 45 thousand square meters, 85 thousand tons of storage capacity, 6000 square meters of open stacks, and 15 thousand tons of storage capacity. In 2012, the inventory turnover was 100 thousand tons. Three is the Tianjin national textile and high tech logistics company's national storage and storage bank, covering an area of 228 mu, and has 13 cotton cloth storeroom, a total of 90 thousand square meters. In 2012, there were 4 warehouses in the Central Cotton Storage contract, a total of 24 thousand square meters, and 30 thousand tons of storage capacity.

There are 2 existing commodity cotton turnover warehouse in Tianjin, which is under the management of Tianjin textile industry supply and marketing company, with a total storage capacity of 120 thousand tons. First, the commercial cotton warehouse of the textile industrial park covers an area of 270 Mu and a storage capacity of 70 thousand tons. It has a special railway line. In addition to more than 10 thousand tons of open storage and storage of commodity cotton turnover, other warehouses have been leased to society. Two is seven commercial warehouses in the southern suburbs, covering 220 Mu and 50 thousand tons of storage capacity, all of which have been leased to the society.

Tianjin Port Free Trade Zone imports cotton existing Tianjin Zhenhua international trade bonded warehousing Co., Ltd., JC (China) Logistics Co., Ltd. and other 5 cotton warehouse, the total storage capacity of about 50 thousand tons. In addition, part of the comprehensive warehouses in the Dongjiang Port Free Trade Zone can become an imported cotton transfer warehouse with a storage potential of more than 70 thousand tons.

The circulation of real estate cotton in Tianjin is mainly based on road transportation and individual carrier transportation. Xinjiang cotton transportation is mainly based on railway transportation.

　 Two, the main problems

First, the fluctuation of real estate cotton production is large, and the quality of cotton is uneven. In recent years, the planting area of Wuqing and Baodi cotton producing areas has shrunk to a great extent. The main reason is that the risk of planting cotton is high, the cost is high, and the comparative efficiency is declining, which has affected farmers' enthusiasm for planting cotton. Due to the low entry threshold, the number of cotton processing enterprises is increasing and production capacity is surplus, resulting in tight cotton resources and disorderly competition in the market. Cotton grading and grading and quality problems such as mixing foreign fibers can not be effectively managed, affecting the market competitiveness of real estate cotton.

The two is the interest segmentation of the industrial chain and the lack of specialized cotton logistics organization. The cotton industry chain of our city is divided into interests from production, purchase, processing, circulation, textile and so on. Enterprises are fighting for themselves, and no industrial management mode has been established. In particular, the development of cotton logistics is lagging behind, resources are scattered, the form is not integrated, and there is a lack of specialized cotton logistics organization, which has high logistics cost and low efficiency. There are 7 large and medium-sized commodity cotton turnover warehouses in our city's textile industry. Only 1 warehouses are open to the storage yard to store cotton.

Three, there is a big gap between warehouse standardization operation and highway transportation tools. The central storage cotton Tianjin directly under the warehouse is modernized and warehouses are equipped with modern machinery and equipment for standardized cotton shipment. And some of the standardization work of the warehouse is relatively large, and the handling equipment is not matched, and the warehousing operation is not standardized. Some cotton packing pallets are too narrow, and sampling inspection can not meet the requirements of supervision. Tianjin's futures delivery warehouse qualification has also been canceled. In the transportation of real estate cotton, due to the lack of uniform transport tools and poor cover, illegal transportation as dangerous goods is often fined.

Four, cotton logistics informatization is low and information resources can not be shared. Most enterprises still use manual records and manual settlement to buy seed cotton. Barcode information in processing cotton bags does not play a role in cotton circulation. There is no smooth logistics information platform to collect, collate and utilize these cotton bag information. The national cotton warning information system, the cotton trading third party warehousing supervision system, the reserve cotton main business system and the online cotton supply and demand information are fighting against each other, mutual barriers, and information resources can not be shared. The lack of a network system linking the government, market, users and producers to the information connection between different regions can not deliver the information of market supply and demand quickly.

　 Three, cotton logistics development facing the situation

Since 2011, the state has implemented a temporary cotton purchase and storage policy to curb the sharp fluctuations in cotton prices and protect the interests of cotton farmers. Due to the State purchasing and storage leading the whole domestic cotton market, the function of market allocation of resources is out of order, and the shortage of storage capacity highlights the pressure. At the same time, as the international market continues to slump, the international cotton prices continue to fall, resulting in the difference in cotton prices between inside and outside, the rising cost of textiles and the decline of international competitiveness. In the face of the new situation, the government has intensified its regulation and control, continued to subsidize and throw away stores, meet the demand for textile cotton, and change the way of issuing quotas for imported cotton. Study and implement the flexible floating policy of temporary storage and purchase of cotton, introduce some turnover stocks, compile the national cotton modern logistics development plan, and reduce the logistics cost. This provides policy guidance and development power for the development of cotton logistics in our city.

　　 Cotton industry The development mode will gradually realize systematization, standardization, mechanization, automation and informatization from planting to picking, processing, warehousing, transportation and trading. Cotton cultivation is gradually concentrated on leading enterprises or professional cooperatives, picking cotton machine, making cotton mold transportation and storage; cotton processing, cotton bales general packaging, automatic packaging, bar code identification, instrument packaging inspection, batch quality consistency; upgrading and upgrading cotton specialized warehouse storage, storage of cotton, clamping and handling, palletizing standardization, cotton packing out of storage directly using standard container packing; in transportation process, container is used as transportation unit until end users unload cotton bags; cotton trading is all online transactions, information is comprehensive, reliable and fast transmission speed. {page_break}

The development trend of modern cotton logistics shows the characteristics of globalization, multi-function, systematization, informatization and standardization. Informatization is the core of cotton logistics. We should make full use of modern information technology to break the industry boundaries which are independent of production links from transportation links, and establish plans and controls over the whole process of production, supply and marketing through supply chain, so as to realize cotton logistics informatization and optimize and integrate traditional cotton logistics business with information technology, so as to achieve the goal of reducing costs and improving the level.

　 Four, the enlightenment to cotton logistics development in our city

(1) determine the focus of development.

The development of modern cotton logistics in our city should rely on the advantageous geographical location, unique bonded policies, advanced warehousing facilities and thoughtful logistics supporting service advantages of Tianjin port in the first port of northern China, and strive to build a perfect modern logistics development environment, actively build a cotton logistics information platform based on the fourth party logistics, vigorously develop the third party cotton logistics enterprises, and form a regional cotton modern logistics service system featuring the Binhai New Area as the core and the international logistics as the characteristic.

We should strive to build a batch of cotton logistics gathering areas, build a batch of cotton logistics key projects, cultivate a batch of competitive cotton logistics enterprises, improve the logistics service level, and enhance the ability of regional radiation promotion; the international, systematic, multifunctional, informationalized and standardized cotton logistics industry chain has basically formed. Basically, Tianjin will be built into China's northern international shipping center and the international cotton logistics center.

(two) clear development tasks

1, innovate the organization and operation mode of cotton production. Cotton production is the basis of cotton industry supply chain, and also the main source of cotton farmers' income. To make the cotton industry bigger and stronger, we must first change the backward state of cotton production. Through the cultivation and development of cotton logistics intermediary organizations, we should promote the organization operation mode of "company + Cotton cooperatives + farmers" and "company + association + farmers". Cotton growers should be encouraged to scale and mechanized cotton planting progressively by way of voluntary land purchase, increase cotton yield and quality, promote cotton farmers' steady income increase, reduce market risks, realize cotton industrialization management, and enhance the market competitiveness of real estate cotton in our city.

2, vigorously develop third party cotton logistics enterprises. Encourage the traditional cotton enterprises to separate the outsourcing business, hand over the logistics business such as procurement, transportation, storage and distribution to the third party cotton logistics enterprises, and promote the socialization of the internal logistics of the enterprises. Focusing on the cotton logistics enterprises with better development, such as Tianjin cotton trading market, the textile and high-tech logistics company and so on, we should further improve functions and enhance services, and cultivate the third party logistics enterprises with core competitiveness and greater influence in China. Introduce third famous cotton logistics enterprises at home and abroad, establish regional or industrial cotton logistics alliance, improve the utilization efficiency of logistics facilities, and give full play to brand effect. We should actively introduce foreign capital and private capital to invest in the cotton logistics industry so as to diversify the investment entities. Guide large textile enterprises to strengthen cooperation with the third party logistics enterprises, give full play to the role of modern logistics to reduce costs and improve efficiency. We should actively promote the national certification of cotton logistics enterprises, cultivate a group of A-level logistics enterprises that meet the national logistics standards and a number of enterprises with 3A level or above.

3, actively promote cotton logistics informatization. Informatization is the inevitable requirement of the development of modern logistics. The establishment of cotton logistics information platform as soon as possible will help speed up the cotton logistics information transmission, effectively plan cotton logistics behavior, improve operational efficiency and reduce operation costs, and enhance the overall competitiveness of cotton logistics. We should make full use of the existing public information resources, break the division of regions and departments, and establish a unified information platform for cotton logistics in the city. We should integrate all kinds of cotton logistics information resources and promote the sharing of cotton logistics resources and information interconnection in the economic circle of Bohai rim. We should actively promote information management of cotton logistics enterprises, guide logistics enterprises to build internal information networks, and gradually achieve networking with public logistics information platform. To promote the wide application of advanced logistics information system and facilities, encourage cotton logistics enterprises to use the information management system such as WMS, TMS, CRM, and automatic three-dimensional storage (ASW), automatic guided vehicle (AGV), radio frequency identification (RFID) and other equipment technologies to further improve the speed and efficiency of cotton logistics. We should strengthen the construction of logistics information system in cotton enterprises, encourage the application of supply chain management system (SCM), enterprise resource management system (ERP), electronic automatic ordering system (EOS), and sales time point information system (POS) and other software systems, and realize the interoperability of information with cotton logistics enterprises.

4, speed up the standardization of cotton industry logistics. Standardization is one of the important means of modern logistics management. In order to integrate with the international market, China's cotton industry urgently needs a series of standards such as cotton packaging, marking system, cotton data acquisition system, cotton electronic trading rules and transportation tools. Combined with international trade practice, we should set up a standard system for cotton picking, purchasing, processing, transportation, storage, loading and unloading, handling, packaging, distribution, information processing and so on. In the circulation process of cotton, we adopt the internationally accepted cotton bag type and standard container, carry out the information coding for cotton bags and containers, and carry out information management for them, so as to facilitate inquiries and statistics of the buyers and sellers and the logistics and transportation links.

5, strengthen the cultivation of cotton logistics talents. We should strengthen the training of logistics talents in various ways, and develop multi-level education system and in-service personnel training system. To support the higher education institutions in our city to carry out undergraduate education in logistics engineering and management, set up Master of logistics and doctoral programs, and vigorously develop logistics management and technology development talents. We should strengthen vocational skills education, strengthen pre job training and on-the-job training for employees of cotton logistics enterprises, and improve the professional skills and professional level of the existing cotton logistics practitioners.

6, play the role of intermediary organizations of Cotton Association. We should speed up the transfer of government's industry management functions, give full play to the role of industry associations in bridge and link between governments and enterprises, perform their functions of service, self-discipline and coordination, mobilize and guide cotton enterprises to actively participate in the construction of information platform for cotton logistics, coordinate and coordinate the information link between cotton logistics information and production monitoring information, processing inspection information, price monitoring information and commercial inventory information, so as to bring into full play the overall effect and promote the orderly and healthy development of the cotton logistics market.

(three) start the construction of key projects.

1. Build a modern cotton logistics base and logistics center.

Modern logistics center has the functions of collecting goods, tally, storage, circulation processing, sorting packaging, distribution, transportation and information processing. According to the business order, it forms standardization, mechanization, process and automation, and has the advantages of quick response, operation specification, function integration, service matching and target systematization. Relying on the existing cotton logistics resources, from the import, warehousing, testing and transportation, import cotton distribution base and logistics center are built. We should optimize and integrate the existing cotton storage and transportation enterprises, and accelerate the construction of a large-scale and modern cotton logistics center which integrates cotton storage, group approval, transportation and information.

2. Building a website of cotton logistics public information platform.

Integrating cotton logistics information resources, breaking the division of regions and departments, establishing a unified information platform for cotton logistics in the city, and gradually forming a cotton logistics industry portal which integrates logistics information service function, logistics e-government function and logistics e-commerce function. We should speed up the construction of information systems in departments such as commerce, transportation, industry and commerce, taxation, customs, inspection and quarantine, banking, insurance and other departments, and link up with the public information platform of cotton logistics. We should improve the industry logistics information system and basic data, and establish comprehensive information systems such as port shipping, rail freight, road freight and so on. Speed up the construction of cotton logistics and cotton enterprise information system, and gradually realize the sharing and sharing of logistics public information.

Five, several suggestions

1, increase cotton production links subsidies, improve the comparative benefits of seed cotton. In recent years, except for the Xinjiang cotton producing area, the planting area of other main cotton producing areas in China has been shrinking to varying degrees. The main reason is that the risks of planting cotton are large, the cost is high, and the comparative efficiency is declining, which seriously affects the enthusiasm of farmers to grow cotton. Therefore, we should expand the scope of financial subsidies, raise the subsidy standard, increase the income of cotton farmers, and then stabilize the area of cotton seed and cotton production. Because the policy of temporary storage and purchase is too many, the state's disguised subsidies have been transmitted through the intermediate links to the cotton farmers' hands, so it is better to take direct subsidies like grain. Cotton direct subsidy can be linked to grade, directly subsidize cotton farmers, reduce the loss of subsidy links, promote classification sale, improve the quality of purchase, and achieve high quality and high price.

2, the minimum cotton protection price. We should gradually stabilize the cotton prices through market regulation. The state should give support to cotton professional cooperatives and leading enterprises in terms of credit, start-up funds and supporting agriculture funds; support the backbone cotton circulation enterprises to become bigger and stronger, establish a stable supply chain interest cooperation mechanism, and implement preferential pricing policies for cotton container transportation in main cotton producing areas.

3, strengthen policy support. For the projects that are included in the key projects of cotton logistics development in provinces and cities, the construction land will be settled by the provincial and municipal land and resources departments to arrange special targets to enjoy the price of industrial land. The traditional transport, warehousing, business circulation enterprises and other enterprises approved by the original allocation of land for their own transformation or joint venture, cooperation for the cotton logistics enterprises, without paying the land transfer fee. The price of electricity, water and gas should be calculated according to the price of industrial use. Special support should be given to the main logistics enterprises.

4, increase capital investment. The state should set up a special fund for the development of modern cotton logistics industry, and adopt a loan discount or subsidy way to support the construction of key projects in the cotton logistics industry in the plan. We should guide financial institutions to actively provide credit support for cotton infrastructure projects and cotton logistics enterprises. Support for qualified cotton logistics enterprises to raise funds for development through the capital market, and to develop, develop and use advanced logistics technology and equipment for relevant enterprises, they may apply for national and provincial high and new technology industrialization funds.